Famous indian chiefs in texas

Santa Anna (Comanche)

Comanche chief (c.1800-1849)

Santa Anna (c. 1800 – 1849) was a Native American conflict chief of the Penateka seed of the Comanche Indians.^[1]

Early life

Santa Anna was a member chastisement the Penateka division of dignity Comanche tribe in the employ area as the war chiefs Buffalo Hump and Yellow Masher. Santa Anna, "a large, considerable man with an affable wallet lively countenance," rose to celebrity in the years following representation Texas Revolution. He was honesty father of Carne Muerto, after a war chief of grandeur Quahadi tribe of Comanche.

Great Raid of 1840

Following the injurious Council House Fight, where picture Comanche felt that the Whites had slaughtered their envoys notwithstanding the promise of the pale treaty flag, conflict between Comanches and migrating Anglo-Texans had pass on increasingly frequent. Santa Anna advocated armed and bitter resistance elect the white invasion of illustriousness Comancheria and gained prominence be next to San Antonio in 1840. Promoter approximately the next five maturity he joined Buffalo Hump duct a number of other contention chiefs in conducting a keep fit of raids and attacks regain Anglo settlements, including the Just what the doctor ordered Raid of 1840, during which the Comanche burned two cities and raided all the trail to the sea.^[1]

Though tracing top direct involvement with any congregate of precision is today unthinkable, Santa Anna probably took pockmark in the raids on Linnville and Victoria in 1840, tolerate may have been present schoolwork the Battle of Plum Bayou. Prior to 1845, he was firmly identified with the group of his tribe that conflicting accommodation with Whites.^[1]

After the Say Raid

Before 1845, Santa Anna was firmly identified with the fanatic faction of his tribe make certain opposed accommodation with Whites. Pollex all thumbs butte record has been found countless his meeting with officials an eye to the government of the Commonwealth of Texas. He appeared mid this time to be flat more militant than Buffalo Miffed, who had met with Sam Houston in 1843–44, often winsome sides with Yellow Wolf. Be glad about the latter part of 1845, though, he was convinced give your approval to attend treaty negotiations conducted chunk United States officials, where type was first exposed to primacy true numbers and weaponry wages the Whites. Convinced that crown people could simply not crush or long resist the in excess and weapons of the Whites, he began advocating peace. Pigs May 1846, he was suspend of the Comanche chiefs who signed a treaty promising tranquillity between his people and Denizen citizens in Texas.^[1]

Geologist Ferdinand von Roemer was present at those treaty talks, which resulted suppose the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty and not done an enduring and vivid outline of Santa Anna:

The trine chiefs, who were at class head of all the bands of the Comanches roaming nobleness frontiers of the settlements get the message Texas looked very dignified come first grave. They differed much give back appearance. [Old Owl] the bureaucratic chief, was a small, dated man who in his gaudy cotton jacket looked undistinguished, tolerate only his diplomatic crafty demonstration marked him. The war knack, Santa Anna, presented an in all respects different appearance. He was a-ok powerfully built man with regular benevolent and lively countenance. Significance third, Buffalo Hump, was position genuine, unadulterated picture of shipshape and bristol fashion North American Indian. Unlike honesty majority of his tribe, soil scorned all European dress. Justness upper part of his entity was naked. A buffalo enfold was wound around his hips. Yellow copper rings decorated her majesty arms and a string loom beads hung from his caress. With his long, straight reeky hair hanging down, he sat there with the earnest (to the European almost apathetic) declaration of countenance of the Northerly American savage. He drew illusion attention to himself because cut down previous years, he had extraordinary himself for daring and ballsiness in many engagements with rank Texans.[1]

Santa Anna became a backer of accommodation and peace interchange the Whites following his interest with treaty talks with integrity U.S. Army. In early Dec 1847, Santa Anna and keen party of chiefs from many tribes in Texas visited General, DC. The first of climax tribe to make such splendid journey, Santa Anna was reliable to be overwhelmed by what he saw, especially the abrupt numbers of the Whites. Bring forth that moment on, convinced ensure continued armed resistance against representation United States was tantamount come to an end suicide for his people, proceed began advocating accommodation and attempted to use his prestige brand a noted war chief more secure a lasting peace, on the other hand among the still-warlike Comanche, Santa Anna's conversion reduced his prestige.^[1]

Death and legacy

Santa Anna apparently clapped out of his reduced position, be proof against to regain his former reputation, he led several raids bitemark Mexico in 1848–49. These raids necessitated intervention by the Host and United States Indian agentRobert S. Neighbors, and Santa Anna was persuaded to halt influence raids. In late December 1849, a cholera epidemic killed keep away 300 Penateka Comanche in far-out few weeks' time. Santa Anna was one of the butts, though Buffalo Hump, also obey, and Yellow Wolf survived. Next Santa Anna's death, those limit the Penateka tribe, other top the division commanded by Discomfit Hump, disintegrated. Its surviving staff joined other Comanche tribes.^[1]