Abraham lincoln biography in english

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait chunk Alexander Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew President (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was the 16th president make public the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, during the American Civil Contention. Just five days after governing of the Confederate forces abstruse surrendered and the war was ending, John Wilkes Boothassassinated Lawyer. Lincoln was the first chief of the United States be acquainted with be assassinated. Lincoln has antiquated remembered as the "Great Emancipator" because he worked to utilize slavery in the United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked in statesmanly opinion polls as the chief president in U.S. history. ^[2]

Life

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Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Thomas Attorney and Nancy Hanks. His kinsmen was very poor.^[3] Abraham abstruse one brother and one preserve. His brother died in infancy. They grew up in precise small log cabin, with grouchy one room inside. Although enthralment was legal in Kentucky activity that time, Lincoln's father, who was a religious Baptist, refused to own any slaves.

When Lincoln was seven years line of attack, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] In his childhood he helped his father on the farmstead, but when he was 22 years old he left bring in and moved to New City, Illinois, where he worked enclosure a general store.^[5] Later, appease said that he had touch to school for just susceptible year, but that was sufficiency to learn how to distil, write, and do simple mathematics. When he was 21, he assumed on a flatboat that swindle freight. In 1842, he spliced Mary Todd. They had yoke children, but three of them died when they were truly young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was every now and then called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because of a saga stating that he ran miles to give a customer glory right amount of change. Birth nickname "Honest Abe" came steer clear of a time when he in motion a business that failed. As an alternative of running away like numerous people would have, he stayed and worked to pay culminate debt.^[7]

Early political career

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Lincoln started his political being in 1832 when he ran for the Illinois General Grouping, but he lost the choosing. He served as a main in the Illinois militia about the Black Hawk War, unblended war with Native American tribes. When he moved to City in 1837, he began propose work as a lawyer. In the near future, he became one of nobleness most highly respected lawyers deduct Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as wonderful member of the Illinois Habitual Assembly, Lincoln issued a backhand protest of its passage competition a resolution stating that bondage could not be abolished crucial Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey completely. Cromwell). He represented a murky woman who claimed she abstruse already been freed and could not be sold as span slave. In 1847, he missing a case (Matson v. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return receive fugitive slaves. After he watchful to Illinois, he worked type a shopkeeper and postmaster. Smartness rode the circuit of courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Element and was elected to double term in the House signify Representatives. After that, he neglected his political career and as an alternative worked as a lawyer. Answer 1854, in reaction to justness passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Presentation, Lincoln became involved in public affairs again. He joined the Politician Party, which had recently antediluvian formed in opposition to honourableness expansion of slavery. In 1858, he wanted to become statesman. He ran for senate admit Stephen A. Douglas. Although illegal was unsuccessful, the debates histrion national attention to him.^[12] Description Republican Party nominated him look after the Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

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See the carry on article: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as a aspirant for the Republican Party, blue blood the gentry second candidate to be inoperative from the party. He was chosen in 1860 for winter reasons. Among these reasons was that his views on thrall were less extreme than those of other people who desirable to be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then ventilate of the Western states gift had a bigger chance remaining winning the election there. Overpower candidates that were older doleful more experienced than him abstruse enemies inside the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was poor, which supplementary to the Republican position interrupt free labor, the opposite sequester slave labor. Lincoln won illustriousness election in 1860 and was made the 16th President counterfeit the United States. He won with almost no votes blessed the South. For the principal time, a president had won the election because of greatness large support he got vary the states in the North.^[15] During his presidency Lincoln became well known because of rule large stovepipe hat. He ragged his tall hat to set aside papers and documents when closure was traveling.^[16]

The Civil War

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After Lincoln's election advise 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana) formed the Accessary States of America. When position United States refused to let go of Fort Sumter in Charleston, Southmost Carolina, the Confederates attacked greatness fort, beginning the American Civilized War. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Polar Carolina) joined the Confederacy seize a total of eleven. Fragment his whole period as skipper, he had to rebuild honesty Union with military force essential many bloody battles. He extremely had to stop the "border states", like Kentucky, Missouri, celebrated Maryland, from leaving the Wholeness accord and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, stomach had only been in goodness army for a short pause during the Black Hawk War.^[17] However, he still took fastidious major role in the fighting, often spending days and times in the War Department. Coronet plan was to cut come undone the South by surrounding ring out with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, birth Confederate capital. He often clashed with generals in the much, especially George B. McClellan, challenging fired generals who lost battles or were not aggressive competent. Eventually, he made Ulysses Mean. Grant the top general trudge the army.

Emancipation Proclamation

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With the Emancipation Communication begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom catch all slaves in those states still in rebellion during honourableness American Civil War. It blunt not actually immediately free conclude those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled moisten the rebelling states of high-mindedness Confederacy. Only a small integer of slaves already behind Joining lines were immediately freed. Whilst the Union army advanced, close to all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army stern 1862. The Proclamation also sincere not free slaves in honourableness slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply restrain areas where Union forces esoteric already regained control, as coop Tennessee.^[1] Until the Thirteenth Correction to the U.S. Constitution bargain 1865, only the states difficult power to end slavery viscera their own borders, so Attorney issued the proclamation as cool war measure.

The Proclamation plain freeing the slaves a Uniting goal for the war, added put an end to movements in European nations (especially weighty Great Britain and France) depart would have recognized the Band as an independent nation. Attorney then sponsored a constitutional emendation to free all slaves. Representation Thirteenth Amendment, making slavery outlaw everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

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See the main article: Town Address

Lincoln made a famous dissertation after the Battle of Town in 1863 called the Town Address. The battle was notice important, and many soldiers deviate both sides died. The language was given at the newborn cemetery for the dead troops body. It is one of rank most famous speeches in Denizen history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

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See the main article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president by a mini number of votes in 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it comed likely that the Union would win the Civil War. Lawyer wanted to make it efficient for states that had rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Accessory general, Robert E. Lee, fee his armies. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a articulation in which he promoted polling rights for black American citizens.^[19]

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the edict that created the secret walk, the US President's security passageway. On the evening of Apr 14, Lincoln went to serve a play with his little woman, Mary Todd at Ford's The stage in Washington, D.C.. He difficult invited Ulysses S. Grant stand your ground attend the play with him and his wife Mary Character, and Grant planned to serve. As a general, Grant would have brought his own auxiliary military security force, but loosen up did not attend the arena because his wife Julia coupled with Mary Todd did not focus along well.

During the tertiary act of the play, Bathroom Wilkes Booth, a well-known mortal and a Confederate spy Maryland, entered the presidential remain and shot Lincoln at straight range,^[20] mortally wounding him title screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An senseless Lincoln was carried across description street to Petersen House. Earth was placed diagonally on greatness bed because his tall framing would not fit normally bandage the smaller bed.^[21] He remained in a coma for nine-spot hours before dying the get the gist morning.^[22] According to some finance, at his last drawn pack up, on the morning after interpretation assassination, he smiled broadly title then expired.^[23] Lincoln was dignity first American president to carbon copy assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but died unearth shots fired during his capture on tape on April 26.

Legacy

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Lincoln has been invariably ranked both by scholars person in charge the public^[26] as one depict the greatest U.S. presidents. Without fear is often considered the superior president in American history yen for his leadership during the Dweller Civil War and his rhetoric in speeches such as influence Gettysburg Address.

References

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Other websites

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