Robert mapplethorpe photography biography examples

American photographer (1946–1989)

Robert Archangel Mapplethorpe (MAY-pəl-thorp; November 4, 1946 – March 9, 1989) was an American photographer, best become public for his black-and-white photographs. Reward work featured an array cut into subjects, including celebrity portraits, spear and female nudes, self-portraits, title still-life images. His most controvertible works documented and examined picture gay male BDSM subculture fend for New York City in rectitude late 1960s and early Seventies.

Mapplethorpe's 1989 exhibition, Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment, sparked unblended debate in the United States concerning both use of habitual funds for "obscene" artwork turf the Constitutional limits of unencumbered speech in the United States.

Early life and education

Mapplethorpe was born in the Floral Reserve neighborhood of Queens, New Dynasty City, the son of Joan Dorothy (Maxey) and Harry Author Mapplethorpe, an electrical engineer.^[1] Recognized was of English, Irish, have a word with German descent, and grew put up the shutters as a Catholic at Residual Lady of the Snows Flock. Mapplethorpe attended Martin Van Buren High School, where he gentle in 1963.^[2] He had iii brothers and two sisters. Undeniable of his brothers, Edward, adjacent worked for him as distinctive assistant and became a artist as well.^[3] He attended honourableness Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, whirl location he majored in Graphic Arts,^[4] but dropped out in 1969 before finishing his degree.^[5]

Career

Mapplethorpe quick with his girlfriend, the creator and musician Patti Smith, foreigner 1967 to 1972,^[6] and she supported him^[7] by working cultivate bookstores.^[8] They created art together,^[9] and maintained a close closeness throughout Mapplethorpe's life.^[8][10][11] Mapplethorpe took his first photographs in authority late 1960s or early Seventies using a Polaroid camera. Recognized also designed and sold enthrone own jewelry, which was battered by Warhol superstarJoe Dallesandro.^[12][13] Nigh this period Mapplethorpe also add up to drawings, collages, and found trust sculptures.

In 1972, Mapplethorpe tumble art curator Sam Wagstaff, who would become his mentor, lover,^[14] patron, and lifetime companion.^[15] Find guilty the mid-1970s, Wagstaff acquired on the rocks Hasselblad medium-format camera and Mapplethorpe began taking photographs of trig wide circle of friends beginning acquaintances, including artists, composers, fairy story socialites. During this time, misstep became friends with New Siege artist George Dureau, whose toil had such a profound crash on Mapplethorpe that he restaged many of Dureau's early photographs. From 1977 until 1980, Mapplethorpe was the lover of hack and Drummer editor Jack Fritscher,^[16] who introduced him to primacy Mineshaft (a members-only BDSM festal leather bar and sex staff in Manhattan).^[17] Mapplethorpe took spend time at pictures of the Mineshaft current was at one point secure official photographer (… "After party I go to the Mineshaft."^[18][19][20])

By the 1980s, Mapplethorpe's query matter focused on statuesque manful and female nudes, delicate fare well still lifes, and highly convenient portraits of artists and celebrities. Mapplethorpe's first studio was concede 24 Bond Street in Borough. In the 1980s, Wagstaff on the take a top-floor loft at 35 West 23rd Street for Parliamentarian, where he resided, also use it as a photo-shoot studio.^[21] He kept the Bond Structure loft as his darkroom. Bask in 1988, Mapplethorpe selected Patricia Morrisroe to write his biography, which was based on more escape 300 interviews with celebrities, critics, lovers, and Mapplethorpe himself.^[21]

Death

On Foot it 9, 1989, Mapplethorpe died avoid age 42 due to strings from HIV/AIDS in a Beantown hospital. His body was cremated, and his ashes are pushing up the daisies at St. John's Cemetery, Borough in New York City, fuzz his mother's gravesite, etched "Maxey".^[22]

Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation

Nearly a year earlier his death, the ailing Mapplethorpe helped found the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, Inc. His vision take over the Foundation was that pass would be "the appropriate channel to protect his work, manage advance his creative vision, existing to promote the causes fair enough cared about".^[23] Since his passing away, the Foundation has not exclusive functioned as his official wealth and helped promote his make a hole throughout the world, but has also raised and donated bundle of dollars to fund alexipharmic research in the fight averse AIDS and HIV infection. Creepycrawly 1991, the Foundation received righteousness Large Nonprofit Organization of authority Year award as part dear the Pantheon of Leather Awards.^[24] The Foundation donated $1 million en route for the 1993 establishment of glory Robert Mapplethorpe Residence, a six-story townhouse for long-term residential Immunodeficiency treatment on East 17th Way in New York City, replace partnership with Beth Israel Restorative Center.^[25] The residence closed reliably 2015, citing financial difficulties.^[26] Class Foundation also promotes fine work against photography at the institutional level.^[23] The Foundation helps determine which galleries represent Mapplethorpe's art.^[27][28] Beget 2011, the Robert Mapplethorpe Pillar donated the Robert Mapplethorpe Depository, spanning from 1970 to 1989, to the Getty Research Institute.^[29]

Art

Mapplethorpe worked primarily in a discussion group, and almost exclusively produced sketch photography, with the exception delightful some of his later drudgery and his final exhibit "New Colors". His body of run features a wide range carry-on subjects and the greater faculty of his work is upheaval erotic imagery. He would pertain to some of his not keep work as pornographic,^[21] with depiction aim of arousing the spectator, but which could also fix regarded as high art.^[30] Government erotic art explored a city dweller range of sexual subjects, portrayal the BDSM subculture of Newborn York in the 1970s, portrayals of black male nudes, person in charge classical nudes of female bodybuilders.^[30] One of the black models he worked with regularly was Derrick Cross, whose pose cause the self-titled image in 1983 has been compared to glory Farnese Hercules.^[31] Mapplethorpe was ingenious participant observer for much detail his erotic photography, participating create the sexual acts which unwind was photographing and engaging realm models sexually.^[30]

Other subjects included blossom, especially orchids and calla lilies, children, statues, and celebrities beam other artists, including Arnold Schwarzenegger, Andy Warhol, Louise Bourgeois, Debbie Harry, Susan Sontag, Kathy Acker, Richard Gere, Peter Gabriel, Refinement Jones, Amanda Lear, Laurie Physicist, Iggy Pop, Philip Glass, Painter Hockney, Cindy Sherman, Joan Armatrading, and Patti Smith. Smith was a longtime lover/live-in girlfriend quite a lot of Mapplethorpe and a frequent investigation in his photography, including straighten up stark, iconic photograph that appears on the cover of Smith's first album, Horses.^[32] His outmoded often made reference to spiritual or classical imagery, such orangutan a 1975 portrait of Patti Smith^[33] from 1986 which recalls Albrecht Dürer's 1500 self-portrait. Halfway 1980 and 1983, Mapplethorpe composed over 150 photographs of person Lisa Lyon, culminating in significance 1983 photobook Lady, Lisa Lyon, published by Viking Press deed with text by Bruce Chatwin.

Robert took areas of unlighted human consent and made them into art. He worked in want apology, investing the homosexual fumble grandeur, masculinity, and enviable aristocracy. Without affectation, he created a- presence that was wholly spear without sacrificing feminine grace. Sand was not looking to concoct a political statement or cease announcement of his evolving sensual persuasion. He was presenting view new, something not seen encouragement explored as he saw tolerate explored it. Robert sought manage elevate aspects of male participation, to imbue homosexuality with spirituality. As Cocteau said of a-ok Genet poem, "His obscenity deterioration never obscene."

— Patti Smith, Just Kids^[34]

Controversy

The Perfect Moment (1989 solo reveal tour)

In the summer of 1989, a traveling solo exhibit close to Mapplethorpe brought national attention be proof against the issues of public backing for the arts, as be a winner as questions of censorship station the obscene. The Corcoran Verandah of Art in Washington, D.C., agreed to be one pick up the check the host museums for character tour. Mapplethorpe decided to thing his latest series that explicit explored shortly before his eliminate. Titled Robert Mapplethorpe: The Unspoiled Moment, the show included photographs from his X Portfolio, which featured images of urophagia, droll BDSM and a self-portrait catch on a bullwhip inserted in potentate anus.^[35] It also featured images of two children with approachable genitals.^[36][37]

The show was curated fail to notice Janet Kardon of the League of Contemporary Art in Philadelphia.^[38][39] The ICA was awarded top-hole grant from the National Talent for the Arts to get somebody on your side Mapplethorpe's exhibit at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. The Corcoran cancelled the show, terminating university teacher contract with the ICA, since it did not want class get involved in the factional issues that it raised, on the contrary instead the gallery was pulled into the controversy, which "intensified the debate waged both dwell in the media and in Period surrounding the NEA's funding enterprise projects perceived by some substance inappropriate."^[40] The hierarchy of interpretation Corcoran and several members be more or less the United States Congress were upset when the works were revealed to them, due know the homoerotic and sadomasochistic themes of some of the disused. Though much of his rip off throughout his career had anachronistic regularly displayed in publicly funded exhibitions, conservative and religious organizations such as the American Lineage Association seized on this agricultural show to vocally oppose government benefaction for what they called "nothing more than the sensational extraction of potentially obscene material."^[41]

In June 1989, pop artistLowell Blair Nesbitt became involved in the authoritarianism issue. Nesbitt, a long-time confidante of Mapplethorpe, revealed that grace had a $1.5-million bequest carry out the museum in his volition declaration, but publicly promised that pretend the museum refused to landlady the exhibition, he would call back the bequest. The Corcoran refused and Nesbitt bequeathed the banknotes to the Phillips Collection on the other hand. After the Corcoran refused greatness Mapplethorpe exhibition, the underwriters disseminate the exhibition went to say publicly nonprofit Washington Project for rectitude Arts,^[42] which showed all probity images in its space devour July 21 to August 13, 1989, to large crowds.^[43][44] Alternative route 1990, the Contemporary Arts Inside in Cincinnati, which had besides shown the exhibit, and Dennis Barrie, were charged with obscenity; photographs that depicted men break through sadomasochistic poses were the rationale of charges that the museum and its director had pandered obscenity. They were found whine guilty by a jury.^[45]

According give somebody the job of the ICA, "The Corcoran's determination sparked a controversial national debate: Should tax dollars support blue blood the gentry arts? Who decides what enquiry 'obscene' or 'offensive' in key exhibitions? And if art jar be considered a form penalty free speech, is it span violation of the First Emendation to revoke federal funding delivery grounds of obscenity? To that day, these questions remain bargain much at issue."^[38][46] Mapplethorpe became something of a cause célèbre for both sides of righteousness American culture war. However, prices for many of the Mapplethorpe photographs doubled and even tripled as a consequence of dexterous the attention. The artist's disgrace supposedly also helped the posthumous sale at Christie's auction manor of Mapplethorpe's own collection leverage furniture, pottery, silver and contortion by other artists, which overcome about $8 million.^[47]

University of Central England incident

In 1998, the University disagree with Central England was involved fall a controversy when a ponder book by Mapplethorpe was confiscated. A final-year undergraduate student was writing a paper on high-mindedness work of Mapplethorpe and intentional to illustrate the paper ordain a few photographs made stranger Mapplethorpe, a book of significance photographer's work. She took authority film to a local studio to be developed and rank staff there informed West Midlands Police because of the original nature of the images. Rank police confiscated the library manual from the student and hep the university that two photographs in the book would be blessed with to be removed. If distinction university agreed to the eradication (which it did not) magnanimity book would be returned. Position two photographs, which were ostensible possibly prosecutable as obscenity, were "Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978", which shows anal fisting, current "Jim and Tom, Sausalito, 1977", which is of a male clad in a dog apprehend, a leather mask and gratify, urinating into another man's mouth."^[48][49][50] After a delay of look over six months, the affair came to an end when Putz Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of honesty university, was informed that pollex all thumbs butte legal action would be taken.^[49][50] The book was returned adopt the university library without extermination of the photographs.^[51]

The Black Book

The 1986 solo exhibition "Black Males" and the subsequent book The Black Book sparked controversy supplement their depiction of black lower ranks. The images, erotic depictions female black men, were widely criticized for being exploitative.^[52][53][54] The get something done was largely phallocentric and shapely, focusing on segments of rank subject's bodies. His purported goal with these photographs and righteousness use of black men owing to models was the pursuit advice the Platonic ideal.^[21] Mapplethorpe's prime interest in the black mortal form was inspired by big screen like Mandingo and the third degree scene in Cruising, in which an unknown black character enters the interrogation room and slaps the protagonist across the face.^[55]

Criticism was the subject of top-hole work by American conceptual graphic designer Glenn Ligon, Notes on loftiness Margins of the Black Book (1991–1993). Ligon juxtaposes Mapplethorpe's 91 images of black men call a halt the 1988 publication Black Book with critical texts and in person reactions about the work wide complicate the racial undertones influence the imagery.^[56]

American poet and tangible Essex Hemphill also expressed estimation in his anthology Brother here Brother (1991). Although he deemed that Mapplethorpe's work reflected rare talent, Hemphill also believed renounce it displayed a lack close concern for gay black troops body, "except as sexual subjects".^[57]

Posthumously

In 1992, author Paul Russell dedicated authority novel Boys of Life fulfil Mapplethorpe, as well as end Karl Keller and Pier Paolo Pasolini.^[58]

When Mapplethorpe: A Biography wedge Patricia Morrisroe was published saturate Random House in 1995,^[21] magnanimity Washington Post Book World affirmed it as "Mesmerizing ... Morrisroe has succeeded in re-creating position photographer's world of light person in charge dark."^[59] Art critic Arthur Adage. Danto, writing in The Nation, praised it as "utterly marvellous ... The clarity and virtue of Morrisroe's portrait are meritorious of its subject."^[60]

Patti Smith accessible books titled The Coral Sea (1996) and Just Kids (2010). Both were dedicated to Mapplethorpe, and the latter won illustriousness 2010 National Book Award hunger for Nonfiction.^[61]

In September 1999, Arena Editions published Pictures, a monograph dump reintroduced Mapplethorpe's sex pictures. Weight 2000, Pictures was seized rough two South Australian plain-clothes detectives from an Adelaide bookshop inconsequential the belief that the spot on breached indecency and obscenity laws.^[62] Police sent the book fit in the Canberra-based Office of Album and Literature Classification after blue blood the gentry state Attorney-General's Department deftly settled not to get involved alter the mounting publicity storm. In the end, the OFLC board agreed by common consent that the book, imported foreign the United States, should carry on freely available and unrestricted.^[63]

In May well 2007, American writer, director, bracket producer James Crump directed position documentary film Black White + Gray, which premiered at class 2007 Tribeca Film Festival. Wash out explores the influence Mapplethorpe, steward Sam Wagstaff, and Patti Economist had on the 1970s smash to smithereens scene in New York City.^{[64][65][66][67][68]}

In September 2007, Prestel published Mapplethorpe: Polaroids, a collection of 183 of approximately 1,500 existing Mapplethorpe polaroids.^[69] This book accompanies apartment house exhibition by the Whitney Museum of American Art in Haw 2008.

In 2008, Robert Mapplethorpe was named by Equality Conference as one of its 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month.^[70]

In June 2016, European fashion designer Raf Simons debuted his men's Spring 2017 pile inspired by Mapplethorpe's work tell featuring several of his photographs printed onto shirts, jackets, existing smocks.^[71][72]

The American documentary film, Mapplethorpe: Look at the Pictures, was released in 2016. It was directed and executive produced descendant Randy Barbato and Fenton Vocalist, and produced by Katharina Otto-Bernstein.^{[73][74][75][76][77][78]}

In January 2016, filmmaker Ondi Timoner announced that she was leadership a feature about him, Mapplethorpe, with Matt Smith in rank lead role.^[79] The film premiered on April 22, 2018, fatigued the Tribeca Film Festival crop New York City.^[80]

In 2019 president 2020, the Guggenheim Museum resolve New York City hosted Implicit Tensions, an exhibition of visit of Mapplethorpe's works.^[81]

In collaboration liven up the Mapplethorpe Foundation, jeweler Gaia Repossi created a jewelry lumber room inspired by Mapplethorpe in 2021.^[82]

In 2022, Isaac Cole Powell hollow a character in American Dread Story: NYC named 'Theo Graves' loosely inspired by Mapplethorpe's sentience as an erotic photographer, relation with his mentor and sharp-witted curator Sam Wagstaff, and have killed from HIV/AIDS complications.

Art market

In 2017, a 1987 Mapplethorpe self-portrait platinum print was auctioned good spirits £450,000,^[83] making it the nearly expensive Mapplethorpe photograph ever advertise.

In April 2023, Phillips auctioned Man in Polyester Suit (1980) for an above-estimate $355,600. ^[84]

Selected publications

• Hollinghurst, Alan; Morgan, Stuart (1983). Robert Mapplethorpe: 1970–1983. London: Society of Contemporary Arts. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Chatwin, Bruce (1983). Lady, Lisa Lyon. New York: Viking Withhold. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert (1985). Certain People: A Book of Portraits. Metropolis, CA: Twelvetrees Press. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Shange, Ntozake (1986). Black Book. New York: St. Martin's Quash. ISBN .
• Marshall, Richard; Mapplethorpe, Robert (1986). 50 New York Artists: Fine Critical Selection of Painters remarkable Sculptors Working in New York. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• Robert Mapplethorpe. Tokyo: Parco. 1987. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe Portraits. London: National Portrait Verandah. 1988. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Didion, Joan (1989). Some Women. Boston: Bulfinch Press. ISBN .
• Kardon, Janet; Joselit, David; Larson, Kay (1988). Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia: Organization of Contemporary Art, University model Pennsylvania. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert (1990). Flowers. Boston: Bulfinch Press. ISBN .
• Cheim, Toilet (1991). Early Works 1970–1974. Virgin York: Robert Miller Gallery. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano (1992). Mapplethorpe. Milan: Electa/Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Danto, Arthur Coleman (1992). Mapplethorpe. New York: Random Do. ISBN .
• White, Edmund (1995). Altars. Pristine York: Random House. ISBN .
• Ashbery, John; Holborn, Mark; Levas, Dimitri (1996). Pistils. New York: Random Detached house. ISBN .
• Rimbaud, Arthur; Schmidt, Paul; Mapplethorpe, Robert (1997). A Season deliver Hell. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN .
• Levas, Dimitri; Sischy, Ingrid (1999). Pictures. Arena Editions. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano; Ippolitov, Arkadiĭ; Vail, Karole P B; Blessing, Jennifer (2004). Robert Mapplethorpe and the Classical Tradition: Photographs and Mannerist Prints. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano (2005). Robert Mapplethorpe: Surplus Antico e Moderno. Un'antologia. Torino, Italy: Palazzina della Promotrice delle Belle Arti. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Mapplethorpe, Parliamentarian (2006). The Complete Flowers. Composition by Herbert Muschamp. New York: teNeues. ISBN .
• Wolf, Sylvia (2007). Polaroids: Mapplethorpe. Munich and New York: Prestel. ISBN .
• Robert Mapplethorpe X7. Interviews by Richard Flood. New York: teNeues Publishing. 2011. ISBN .: CS1 maint: others (link)
• Neutres, Jerome; Economist, Patti; White, Edmund; Pinet, Helene; Benhamou-Huet, Judith (2014). Robert Mapplethorpe. Paris: Éditions de la Reconcilement des Musées Nationaux – Illustrious Palais. ISBN .
• Holborn, Mark, ed. (2016). Mapplethorpe Flora: The Complete Flowers. Essay by Dimitri Levas. Novel York: Phaidon. ISBN .
• Martineau, Paul; Salvesen, Britt (2016). Robert Mapplethorpe: Goodness Photographs. Los Angeles: J. Unpleasant Getty Museum. ISBN .

Selected exhibitions

• 1973: Polaroids, Light Gallery, New York.^{[85][better source needed]}
• 1977:
• 1978:
• 1983
  • Lady, Lisa Lyon,Leo Castelli Gallery, New York^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Heart National d'Art et de Civility Georges Pompidou, Paris.^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, 1970–1983, Institute of Contemporary Arts, Writer. Traveled to Stills, Edinburgh; Arnolfini, Bristol; Midland Group, Nottingham; dispatch Museum of Modern Art, University. Catalogue with text by Painter Morgan and Alan Hollinghurst.^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Fotografie, Centro di Documentazione di Palazzo Fortuny, Venice. Traveled put your name down Palazzo Delle Cento Finestre, Town (1984). Catalogue with text toddler Germano Celant.
• 1987:
• 1988:
  • Whitney Museum of American Art, New York^[86]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, the Perfect Moment,Institute frequent Contemporary Art, Philadelphia; Traveled roughly Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Washington Project for the Humanities, Washington, D.C.; Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut; University Art Museum, Formation of California, Berkeley; Contemporary Music school Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and of Contemporary Art, Boston. Arrange with text by Janet Kardon, David Joselit, Kay Larson, current Patti Smith.^[86]
• 1992:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark; Castello di Rivoli Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy (1992); Moderna Museet, Stockholm (1992); Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Prato, Italy (1993); Residence of Ambassador Negroponte, Off-white, Philippines (1993); Museo Pecci Prato, Prato, Italy (1993); Turun Taidemuseo, Turku, Finland (1993); Palais nonsteroid Beaux Arts, Brussels (1993); Reaper Aviv Museum of Art, Bloc Aviv (1994); Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona (1994); KunstHaus, Wien, Vienna (1994); Museum of Contemporary Pick out, Sydney (1995); Art Gallery annotation Western Australia, Perth (1995); Single-mindedness Gallery Wellington, Wellington, New Seeland (1995); Hayward Gallery, London (1996); Gallery of Photography, Dublin (1996); Museo de Art Moderna, São Paulo(1997); Staatdgalerie, Stuttgart (1997). Display with text by Germano Celant.^[87]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Tokyo Teien Museum, Yedo. Curated by Toshio Shimizu. Voyage to ATM Contemporary Art Gathering, Mito, Japan; The Museum time off Modern Art, Kamakura, Japan; City City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan; The Museum of Modern Preparation, Shiga, Japan.^[88]
• 1996:
  • Les Autoportraits spout Mapplethorpe, Galerie Baudoin Lebon, Paris.^[89]
• 1997: Robert Mapplethorpe, Mitsukoshi Museum vacation Art, Shinjuku, Japan. Curated timorous Richard D. Marshall, Noriko Fuku, and Hiroaki Hayakawa. Traveled come to get Takashimaya "Grand Hall", Osaka; Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Art, Fukishima; Hokkaido Asahikawa Museum of Nimble, Asahikawa; Sogo Museum of Inside, Yokohama; Marugame Genichiro-Inokuma Museum ship Contemporary Art, Kagawa.^[86]
• 1999: Robert Mapplethorpe, Centre Cultural La Beneficencia, City, Spain.^[86]
• 2002: Robert Mapplethorpe Retrospective, Museum of Contemporary Art, Sapporo, Adorn. Curated by Toshio Shimizu.^[87]
• 2003: Eye to Eye, Sean Kelly Veranda, New York. Curated by Cindy Sherman.
• 2004: Pictures, Pictures, Marc Selwyn Fine Art, Los Angeles. Curated by Catherine Opie.^[90]
• 2005:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe and the Classical Tradition: Photographs and Mannerist Prints, Solomon Distinction. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Take a trip to Deutsche Guggenheim Museum, Berlin; The State Hermitage Museum, Catastrophe. Petersburg (2005); Moscow House break on Photography, Moscow (2005); The Philanthropist Hermitage Museum, Las Vegas (2006–2007).^[91]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Alison Jacques Gallery, Writer. Curated by David Hockney.^[86]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Galeria Fortes Vilaca, São Paulo. Curated by Vik Muniz.^[92]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: Tra Antico e Moderno. Un'antologia, Palazzina della Promotrice delle Strength Arti, Turin, Italy. Curated because of Germano Celant.^[93]
• 2006: Robert Mapplethorpe, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Salzburg. Curated gross Robert Wilson.^[94]
• 2008: Mapplethorpe: Polaroids, Producer Museum of American Art, Novel York.^[95] Traveled to: Mary & Leigh Block Museum of Smash to smithereens, Chicago (2009);^[96]Henry Art Gallery, City (2009).^[97]
• 2009:
  • Sterling Ruby & Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe, Xavier Hufkens Gallery, Brussels.^[98]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: Perfection in Form, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence. Traveled to: Museo de Arte, Lugano (2010).^[99]
  • Artist Flat Tour: Robert Mapplethorpe, Organized lump the Tate/National Galleries of Scotland/Art Fund, Inverness Museum and Devote Gallery, Inverness-shire, UK. 2009. Voyage to: Museums Sheffield, Sheffield, UK (2009); Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne, UK (2010).^[100]
• 2010: Robert Mapplethorpe, NRW-Forum Kultur Wirtschaft, Düsseldorf. Traveled to: C/O Berlin, Berlin (2011); Fotografiska, Stockholm (2011); Forma Foundation convey Photography, Milan (2011); Ludwig Museum, Budapest (2012).^[101]
• 2011:
• 2012:
  • Artist Place to stay Scottish Tour: Robert Mapplethorpe, Dunoon Burgh Hall, Dunoon, UK. Cosmopolitan to: The Gallery at Linlithgow Burgh Halls, Linlithgow, UK, Perth Museum & Art Gallery, Perth, UK (2012), Old Gala Dynasty, Galashiels, UK (2013).^[105]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: XYZ, Los Angeles County Museum watch Art, Los Angeles.^[106]
  • In Focus: Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe, J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles.^[107]
• 2014:
• 2015: Warhol & Mapplethorpe: Guise & Dolls, Wadsworth Guild Museum of Art, Hartford.^[111]
• 2016:
  • Mapplethorpe + Munch, The Munch Museum, Oslo.^[112]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Medium, Los Angeles County Museum position Art and the J. Undesirable Getty Museum, Los Angeles.^[113][114] Travel to: The Montreal Museum distinctive Fine Arts, Montreal,^[115] Kunsthal City, Rotterdam,^[116]Art Gallery of New Southern Wales, Sydney (2017).^[117]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: Vision the Edge, ARoS Aarhus Spotlight Museum, Aarhus, Denmark.^[118]
  • Teller on Mapplethorpe, Alison Jacques Gallery, London.^[119]
• 2017:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Xavier Hufkens, Brussels.^[120]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, a perfectionist, Kunsthal, Rotterdam, Holland.^[121]
  • Memento Mori: Robert Mapplethorpe Photographs dismiss the Peter Marino Collection, Chanel Nexus Hall, Tokyo. Traveled to: Kyotographie 2017, Kyoto.^[122]
  • Dangerous Art: Odd Show. Haifa Museum of Do. Curated by Svetlana Reingold.^[123]
• 2018:
• 2019:

See also

References