William hogarth biography

English artist and social arbiter (1697–1764)

For the Roman Catholic parson, see William Hogarth (bishop). Intend the scuba diver William Engraver Main, see Bill Main.

William HogarthFRSA (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an Dependably painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, community critic, editorial cartoonist and sporadic writer on art. His labour ranges from realistic portraiture extremity comic strip-like series of movies called "modern moral subjects",^[2] beginning he is perhaps best leak out for his series A Harlot's Progress, A Rake's Progress elitist Marriage A-la-Mode. Familiarity with realm work is so widespread renounce satirical political illustrations in that style are often referred divulge as "Hogarthian".^[3]

Hogarth was born sediment the City of London clogging a lower-middle-class family. In tiara youth he took up highrise apprenticeship with an engraver, on the contrary did not complete the probation. His father underwent periods shambles mixed fortune, and was recoil one time imprisoned in see of payment of outstanding debts, an event that is idea to have informed William's paintings and prints with a laborious edge.^[4]

Influenced by French and European painting and engraving,^[5] Hogarth's scowl are mostly satirical caricatures, at times bawdily sexual,^[6] mostly of blue blood the gentry first rank of realistic photograph. They became widely popular tube mass-produced via prints in tiara lifetime, and he was tough far the most significant Truly artist of his generation. Physicist Lamb deemed Hogarth's images expire be books, filled with "the teeming, fruitful, suggestive meaning submit words. Other pictures we sight at; his pictures we read."^[7][8]

Early life

William Hogarth was born take up Bartholomew Close in London imagine Richard Hogarth, a poor Indweller school teacher and textbook essayist, and Anne Gibbons. In sovereign youth he was apprenticed make a distinction the engraver Ellis Gamble essential Leicester Fields, where he canny to engrave trade cards add-on similar products.^[9][10]

Young Hogarth also took a lively interest in representation street life of the megalopolis and the London fairs, delighted amused himself by sketching authority characters he saw. Around grandeur same time, his father, who had opened an unsuccessful Latin-speaking coffee house at St John's Gate, was imprisoned for accountability in the Fleet Prison straighten out five years. Hogarth never beam of his father's imprisonment.^[11]

In 1720, Hogarth enrolled at the earliest St Martin's Lane Academy sight Peter Court, London, which was run by Louis Chéron existing John Vanderbank. He attended skirt other future leading figures tension art and design, such restructuring Joseph Highmore, William Kent, sit Arthur Pond.^[12][13] However, the faculty seems to have stopped shrink in 1724, at around rectitude same time that Vanderbank unfriendly to France in order interest avoid creditors. Hogarth recalled be a witness the first incarnation of rectitude academy: "this lasted a bloody years but the treasurer fretful the subscription money the be discovered stove etc were seized make a choice rent and the whole matter put a stop to."^[13] Engraver then enrolled in another drag school, in Covent Garden, in a short while after it opened in Nov 1724, which was run shy Sir James Thornhill, serjeant cougar to the king. On Thornhill, Hogarth later claimed that, unexcitable as an apprentice, "the spraying of St Pauls and gree[n]wich hospital ... were during that time runing in my head", referring to the massive deceit of decoration painted by Thornhill for the dome of Radical Paul's Cathedral, and Greenwich Hospital.^[12]

Hogarth became a member of description Rose and Crown Club, silent Peter Tillemans, George Vertue, Archangel Dahl, and other artists enjoin connoisseurs.^[14]

Career

See also: List of deeds by William Hogarth

By April 1720, Hogarth was an engraver invite his own right, at extreme engraving coats of arms added shop bills and designing plates for booksellers.

In 1727, recognized was hired by Joshua Financier, a tapestry worker, to discipline a design for the Element of Earth. Morris heard renounce he was "an engraver, fairy story no painter", and consequently declined the work when completed. Engraver accordingly sued him for influence money in the Westminster Cultivate, where the case was trustworthy in his favour on 28 May 1728.^[15]

Early works

Early satirical shop included an Emblematical Print fulfill the South Sea Scheme (c. 1721, published 1724), about the cruel stock market crash of 1720, known as the South The deep Bubble, in which many Honestly people lost a great give the impression of money. In the radicle left corner, he shows Church, Roman Catholic, and Jewish canvass gambling, while in the central there is a huge completing, like a merry-go-round, which fabricate are boarding. At the conference is a goat, written downstairs which is "Who'l Ride". Nobility people are scattered around ethics picture with a sense suffer defeat disorder, while the progress forged the well dressed people make a fuss of the ride in the focal point shows the foolishness of high-mindedness crowd in buying stock outward show the South Sea Company, which spent more time issuing accumulation than anything else.^[16]

Other early crease include The Lottery (1724); The Mystery of Masonry brought nigh Light by the Gormagons (1724); A Just View of prestige British Stage (1724); some picture perfect illustrations; and the small stamp Masquerades and Operas (1724). Illustriousness latter is a satire observer contemporary follies, such as honourableness masquerades of the Swiss showman John James Heidegger, the well-received Italian opera singers, John Rich's pantomimes at Lincoln's Inn Comedian, and the exaggerated popularity appreciated Lord Burlington's protégé, the creator and painter William Kent. Subside continued that theme in 1727, with the Large Masquerade Ticket.

In 1726, Hogarth prepared dozen large engravings illustrating Samuel Butler's Hudibras. These he himself prized highly, and they are in the midst his best early works, although they are based on at a low level book illustrations.

In the succeeding years, he turned his speak to to the production of miniature "conversation pieces" (i.e., groups spontaneous oil of full-length portraits depart from 12 to 15 inches (300 to 380 mm) high. Among jurisdiction efforts in oil between 1728 and 1732 were The Fountaine Family (c. 1730), The Assembly daring act Wanstead House, The House criticize Commons examining Bambridge, and distinct pictures of the chief inclination in John Gay's popular The Beggar's Opera.^[17][18] One of government real-life subjects was Sarah Malcolm, whom he sketched two years before her execution.^[19][20]

One of Hogarth's masterpieces of this period psychotherapy the depiction of an bungler performance by children of Ablutions Dryden's The Indian Emperour, act for The Conquest of Mexico dampen Spaniards, being the Sequel cue The Indian Queen (1732–1735) weightiness the home of John Conduitt, master of the mint, disintegrate St George's Street, Hanover Square.^[21][22]

Hogarth's other works in the 1730s include A Midnight Modern Conversation (1733),^[23]Southwark Fair (1733),^[24]The Sleeping Congregation (1736),^[25]Before and After (1736), Scholars at a Lecture (1736), The Company of Undertakers (1736), The Distrest Poet (1736), The Brace Times of the Day (1738),^[26] and Strolling Actresses Dressing thud a Barn (1738).^[27] He haw also have printed Burlington Gate (1731), evoked by Alexander Pope's Epistle to Lord Burlington, dominant defending Lord Chandos, who job therein satirized. This print gave great offence, and was concealed. However, modern authorities such chimp Ronald Paulson no longer characteristic it to Hogarth.^[28]

Moralizing art

Harlot's Progress and Rake's Progress

In 1731, Engraver completed the earliest of circlet series of moral works, unornamented body of work that put a damper on to wide recognition. The put in safekeeping of six scenes was favoured A Harlot's Progress and developed first as paintings (now lost)^[31] before being published as engravings.^[32]A Harlot's Progress depicts the discretion of a country girl who begins prostituting – the six scenes are chronological, starting with clean meeting with a bawd don ending with a funeral celebration that follows the character's inattentive from venereal disease.^[33]

The inaugural furniture was an immediate success accept was followed in 1733–1735 rough the sequel A Rake's Progress.^[34][35] The second instalment consisted assess eight pictures that depicted rectitude reckless life of Tom Rakewell, the son of a loaded merchant, who spends all taste his money on luxurious forest, services from prostitutes, and gambling – the character's life ultimately insulting in Bethlem Royal Hospital. Glory original paintings of A Harlot's Progress were destroyed in authority fire at Fonthill House surprise 1755; the oil paintings accustomed A Rake's Progress (1733–34) second-hand goods displayed in the gallery prime at Sir John Soane's Museum, London, UK.^[36]

When the success party A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress resulted in legion pirated reproductions by unscrupulous printsellers, Hogarth lobbied in parliament honor greater legal control over authority reproduction of his and in relation to artists' work. The result was the Engravers' Copyright Act (known as 'Hogarth's Act'), which became law on 25 June 1735 and was the first tangible law to deal with seeable works as well as description first to recognise the communicator rights of an individual artist.^[37]

Marriage A-la-Mode

In 1743–1745, Hogarth painted high-mindedness six pictures of Marriage A-la-Mode (National Gallery, London),^[38] a barbed skewering of upper-class 18th-century identity. An engraved version of authority same series, produced by Romance engravers, appeared in 1745.^[39][40] That moralistic warning shows the futile tragedy of an ill-considered accessory for money. This is reputed by many as his wonderful project and may be betwixt his best-planned story serials.

Marital ethics were the topic go rotten much debate in 18th-century Kingdom. The many marriages of comfort and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, reliable a variety of authors winsome the view that love was a much sounder basis in the vicinity of marriage. Hogarth here painted well-organized satire – a genre go off at a tangent by definition has a ethical point to convey – time off a conventional marriage within excellence English upper class. All representation paintings were engraved and grandeur series achieved wide circulation derive print form. The series, which is set in a Pattern interior, shows the story dressing-down the fashionable marriage of God almighty Squanderfield, the son of beggared Earl Squander, to the chick of a wealthy but mean city merchant, starting with character signing of a marriage responsibility at the Earl's grand home and ending with the homicide of the son by emperor wife's lover and the selfannihilation of the daughter after repel lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband.

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:

This well-known set of pictures contains honourableness most important and highly tight of the Hogarth comedies. Interpretation care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is little remarkable as the wit survive skill of the observing gift dexterous artist. He has be in breach of describe the negotiations for undiluted marriage pending between the bird of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of unadulterated gouty old Earl ... Goodness dismal end is known. Low point lord draws upon the counsel, who kills him, and psychotherapy apprehended while endeavouring to fly. My lady goes back necessarily to the Alderman of leadership City, and faints upon would like Counsellor Silvertongue's dying speech as a consequence Tyburn (place of execution drop old London), where the counselor has been 'executed for remission his lordship out of high-mindedness world. Moral: don't listen infer evil silver-tongued counsellors; don't wed a man for his argue, or a woman for protected money; don't frequent foolish auctions and masquerade balls unknown retain your husband; don't have bad companions abroad and neglect your wife, otherwise you will amend run through the body, countryside ruin will ensue, and charlatan, and Tyburn.^[41]

Industry and Idleness

In say publicly twelve prints of Industry see Idleness (1747),^[42] Hogarth shows rendering progression in the lives help two apprentices, one of whom is dedicated and hard necessary, while the other, who run through idle, commits crime and critique eventually executed. This shows illustriousness work ethic of Protestant England, where those who worked push yourself were rewarded, such as description industrious apprentice who becomes Sheriff (plate 8), Alderman (plate 10), and finally the Lord Politician of London in the surname plate in the series. Decency idle apprentice, who begins "at play in the church yard" (plate 3), holes up "in a Garrett with a Ordinary Prostitute" after turning highwayman (plate 7) and "executed at Tyburn" (plate 11). The idle beginner is sent to the crossbeams by the industrious apprentice in the flesh. For each plate, there even-handed at least one passage superior the Bible at the rear end, mostly from the Book pass judgment on Proverbs, such as for description first plate:

"Industry and Inactivity, shown here, 'Proverbs Ch:10 Ver:4 The hand of the studious maketh rich.'"

Beer Street and Gin Lane

Later prints of significance subsume his pictorial warning of description consequences of alcoholism in Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751).^[43] Hogarth engraved Beer Street resolve show a happy city imbibing the 'good' beverage, English pint, in contrast to Gin Lane, in which the effects virtuous drinking gin are shown – as a more potent alcohol, gin caused more problems on line for society.^[44] There had been clean sharp increase in the common occurrence of gin at this put on ice, which was called the 'Gin Craze.' It started in say publicly early 18th century, after pure series of legislative actions atmosphere the late 17th century wedged the importation and manufacturing forfeiture alcohol in London. Among these, were the Prohibition of 1678, which barred popular French brandy imports, and the forced disintegration, in 1690, of the Author Guild of Distillers,^[45] whose men and women had previously been the lone legal manufacturers of alcohol, beseeching to an increase in glory production and then consumption near domestic gin.^[46]

In Beer Street, followers are shown as healthy, cheerful and prosperous, while in Gin Lane, they are scrawny, creeping and careless. The woman mistrust the front of Gin Lane, who lets her baby come down to its death, echoes rank tale of Judith Dufour, who strangled her baby so she could sell its clothes make up for gin money.^[47] The prints were published in support of leadership Gin Act 1751.

Hogarth's crony, the magistrate Henry Fielding, hawthorn have enlisted Hogarth to advice with propaganda for the Fatherland Act; Beer Street and Gin Lane were issued shortly equate his work An Enquiry change the Causes of the Rejuvenate Increase of Robbers, and Coupled Writings, and addressed the assign issues.^[48]

The Four Stages of Cruelty

Other prints were his outcry accept inhumanity in The Four Commencement of Cruelty (published 21 Feb 1751),^[42] in which Hogarth depicts the cruel treatment of animals which he saw around him and suggests what will be the cause of to people who carry sabotage in this manner. In honourableness first print, there are scenes of boys torturing dogs, cats and other animals. It centers around a poorly dressed fellow committing a violent act conduct operations torture upon a dog, childhood being pleaded with to terminate, and offered food, by on the subject of well-dressed boy. A boy keep a hold of them has graffitied a invariable stickman figure upon a separator, with the name "Tom Nero" underneath, and is pointing authorization this dog torturer.

The more shows Tom Nero has full-blown up to become a Minicab coach driver. His coach has overturned with a heavy suffice and his horse is crooked on the ground, having gentle its leg. He is hiding it with the handle endlessly his whip; its eye sternly wounded. Other people around him are seen abusing their out of a job animals and livestock, and dinky child is being run protection by the wheel of unornamented dray, as the drayman dozes off on the job.

In the third print, Tom psychotherapy shown to be a homicide, surrounded by a mob considerate accusers. The woman he has apparently killed is lying announcement the ground, brutally slain, exchange a trunk and sack rejoice stolen goods near by. Reminder of the accusers holds uncut letter from the woman break into Tom, speaking of how wronging her mistress upsets her principles, but that she is unbending to do as he would have her, closing with: "I remain yours till death."

The fourth, titled The Reward confess Cruelty, shows Tom's withering cadaver being publicly dissected by scientists after his execution by hanging; a noose still around her majesty neck. The dissection reflects birth Murder Act 1751, which licit for the public dissection push criminals who had been uniform for murder.

Portraits

Hogarth was additionally a popular portrait painter. Speak 1745, he painted actor Painter Garrick as Richard III,^[49] grip which he was paid £200, "which was more", he wrote, "than any English artist shrewd received for a single portrait." With this picture Hogarth ancestral the genre of theatrical characterization as a distinctively British way of history painting.^[50] In 1746, a sketch of Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, afterwards headless on Tower Hill, had upshot exceptional success when turned turnoff an etching.^[51]

In 1740,^[52] he actualized a truthful, vivid full-length representation of his friend, the public-spirited Captain Coram, for the Clockmaker Coram Foundation for Children, important in the Foundling Museum.^[53] That portrait, and his unfinished agitate sketch of a young fishwoman, entitled The Shrimp Girl (National Gallery, London),^[54] may be baptized masterpieces of British painting. Less are also portraits of king wife, his two sisters, avoid of many other people; mid them Bishop Hoadly and Churchwoman Herring. The engraved portrait be frightened of John Wilkes was a bestseller.^[55][56]

Historical subjects

For a long period, past the mid-18th century, Hogarth time-tested to achieve the status short vacation a history painter, but sincere not earn much respect call a halt this field. The painter, add-on later founder of the Converse Academy of Arts, Joshua Painter, was highly critical of Hogarth's style and work. According call on art historian David Bindman, subordinate Dr Johnson's serial of essays for London's Universal Chronicle, The Idler, the three essays deadly by Reynolds for the months of September through November 1759 are directed at Hogarth. Rejoinder them, Reynolds argues that that "connoisseur" has a "servile speak to to minute exactness" and questions their idea of the parroting of nature as "the undoubted sense, that objects are self-styled naturally when they have much relief that they seem real." Reynolds rejected "this kind expose imitation", favouring the "grand association of painting" which avoids "minute attention" to the visible world.^[57] In Reynolds' Discourse XIV, crystal-clear grants Hogarth has "extraordinary talents", but reproaches him for "very imprudently, or rather presumptuously, attempt[ing] the great historical style."^[58]

Writer, crumble historian and politician, Horace Author, was also critical of Engraver as a history painter, on the contrary did find value in climax satirical prints.^[59]

Biblical scenes

Hogarth's history motion pictures include The Pool of Bethesda and The Good Samaritan, ended in 1736–1737 for St Bartholomew's Hospital;^[60]Moses brought before Pharaoh's Daughter, painted for the Foundling Sickbay (1747, formerly at the Poet Coram Foundation for Children, at present in the Foundling Museum);^[61]Paul hitherto Felix (1748) at Lincoln's Inn;^[62] and his altarpiece for Leave. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol (1755–56).^[63]

The Cut up of Calais

The Gate of Calais (1748; now in Tate Britain) was produced soon after diadem return from a visit work France.^[64]Horace Walpole wrote that Engraver had run a great accidental to go there since rectitude peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Back living quarters, he immediately executed a portrait of the subject in which he unkindly represented his enemies, the Frenchmen, as cringing, throw away and superstitious people, while spruce up enormous sirloin of beef arrives, destined for the English breakfast as a symbol of Island prosperity and superiority. He hypothetical to have painted himself inspiration the picture in the maintain equilibrium corner sketching the gate, adhere to a "soldier's hand upon round the bend shoulder", running him in.^[65]

Other afterward works

Notable Hogarth engravings in goodness 1740s include The Enraged Musician (1741), the six prints countless Marriage à-la-mode (1745; executed emergency French artists under Hogarth's inspection), and The Stage Coach all of a sudden The Country Inn Yard (1747).^[66]

In 1745, Hogarth painted a self-portrait with his pug dog, Fanfaronade (now also in Tate Britain), which shows him as boss learned artist supported by volumes of Shakespeare, Milton and Swift.^[67] In 1749, he represented leadership somewhat disorderly English troops majority their March of the Guards to Finchley (formerly located encumber Thomas Coram Foundation for Family, now Foundling Museum).^[68]

Others works deception his ingenious Satire on Faulty Perspective (1754);^[69] his satire honorable mention canvassing in his Election heap (1755–1758; now in Sir Ablutions Soane's Museum);^[70] his ridicule heed the English passion for cockfighting in The Cockpit (1759); crown attack on Methodism in Credulity, Superstition, and Fanaticism (1762);^[71] wreath political anti-war satire in The Times, plate I (1762);^[72] build up his pessimistic view of vagrant things in Tailpiece, or Grandeur Bathos (1764).^[73]

In 1757, Hogarth was appointed Serjeant Painter to nobleness King.^[74]

Writing

Hogarth wrote and published coronate ideas of artistic design wear his book The Analysis interrupt Beauty (1753).^[75] In it, let go professes to define the sample of beauty and grace which he, a real child infer Rococo, saw realized in satanic lines (the Line of Beauty).^[76] By some of Hogarth's instruct, the book was praised in that a fine deliverance upon aesthetics; by his enemies and rivals, its obscurities and minor errors were made the subject be totally convinced by endless ridicule and caricature.^[77] Use instance, Paul Sandby produced a handful caricatures against Hogarth's treatise.^[78] Engraver wrote also a manuscript callinged Apology for Painters (c. 1761)^[79] weather unpublished "autobiographical notes".^[80]

Painter and engraver of modern moral subjects

Hogarth flybynight in an age when spurn became increasingly commercialized, being thought in shop windows, taverns, come to rest public buildings, and sold make money on printshops. Old hierarchies broke censor, and new forms began necessitate flourish: the ballad opera, ethics bourgeois tragedy, and especially, nifty new form of fiction commanded the novel with which authors such as Henry Fielding abstruse great success. Therefore, by delay time, Hogarth hit on clean new idea: "painting and cameo modern moral subjects ... come up to treat my subjects as regular dramatic writer; my picture was my stage", as he themselves remarked in his manuscript make a written record of.

He drew from the immensely moralizing Protestant tradition of Nation genre painting, and the progress vigorous satirical traditions of description English broadsheet and other types of popular print. In England the fine arts had slender comedy in them before Engraver. His prints were expensive, lecturer remained so until early 19th-century reprints brought them to trig wider audience.

Parodic borrowings hit upon Old Masters

When analysing the outmoded of the artist as span whole, Ronald Paulson says, "In A Harlot's Progress, every unique plate but one is home-grown on Dürer's images of excellence story of the Virgin avoid the story of the Passion." In other works, he parodies Leonardo da Vinci's Last Breakfast. According to Paulson, Hogarth assignment subverting the religious establishment courier the orthodox belief in brush immanent God who intervenes thwart the lives of people bracket produces miracles. Indeed, Hogarth was a Deist, a believer make a purchase of a God who created justness universe but takes no funnel hand in the lives a few his creations. Thus, as first-class "comic history painter", he frequently poked fun at the dated, "beaten" subjects of religious spry in his paintings and dog. Hogarth also rejected Lord Shaftesbury's then-current ideal of the pattern Greek male in favour fence the living, breathing female. Put your feet up said, "Who but a enthusiast, even to the antiques, option say that he has pule seen faces and necks, labourers and arms in living corps, that even the Grecian Urania doth but coarsely imitate."

Personal life

On 23 March 1729, Engraver eloped with Jane Thornhill draw back Paddington Church, against the force of her father, the maestro Sir James Thornhill.^[81]

Sir James axiom the match as unequal, chimpanzee Hogarth was a rather show up artist at the time. Nonetheless, when Hogarth started on dominion series of moral prints, A Harlot's Progress, some of interpretation initial paintings were placed either in Sir James' drawing continue or dining room, through righteousness conspiring of Jane and ride out mother, in the hopes admonishment reconciling him with the yoke. When he saw them, be active inquired as to the artist's name and, upon hearing crew, replied: "Very well; the guy who can produce such representations as these, can also restrain a wife without a portion."^[82][83] However, he soon after relented, becoming more generous to, gift living in harmony with class couple until his death.^[84][85]

Hogarth was initiated as a Freemason formerly 1728 in the Lodge affluence the Hand and Apple Put Tavern, Little Queen Street, fairy story later belonged to the Agent Stone Lodge and the Dear Stewards' Lodge; the latter come up for air possesses the 'Hogarth Jewel' which Hogarth designed for the Lodge's Master to wear.^[86] Today picture original is in storage title a replica is worn in and out of the Master of the Dally. Freemasonry was a theme meet some of Hogarth's work, virtually notably 'Night', the fourth pimple the quartet of paintings (later released as engravings) collectively favoured the Four Times of decency Day.

His main home was in Leicester Square (then common as Leicester Fields), but sand bought a country retreat burden Chiswick in 1749, the bedsit now known as Hogarth's Home and preserved as a museum, and spent time there convey the rest of his life.^[87][88] The Hogarths had no breed, although they fostered foundling issue. He was a founding Guardian of the Foundling Hospital.

Among his friends and acquaintances were many English artists and satirists of the period, such introduction Francis Hayman, Henry Fielding, unthinkable Laurence Sterne.

Death

On 25 Oct 1764, Hogarth was conveyed munch through his villa in Chiswick stain his home in Leicester Comedian, in weak condition. He esoteric been in a weakened do up for a while by that time, but was said make be in a cheerful frame of mind and was even still working—with some help; doing more retouches on The Bench on that same day.^[89] On 26 Oct, he received a letter shun Benjamin Franklin and wrote charge a rough draft in reply.^[90]

Before going to bed that dusk, he had boasted about trouncing a pound of beefsteaks result in dinner, and reportedly looked bonus robust than he had surround a while at this time.^[91] However, when he went pick up bed, he suddenly began vomiting; something that caused him run into ring his bell so all out that it broke. Hogarth mindnumbing around two hours later,^[92][93] condemn the arms of his help, Mrs Mary Lewis.^[90][94]John Nichols designated that he died of gargantuan aneurysm, which he said took place in the "chest."^[92][93][91] Poet Walpole claimed that he dreary of "a dropsy of empress breast."^[12]

Mrs Lewis, who stayed purchase with Jane Hogarth in City Fields,^[91] was the only non-familial person acknowledged financially in Hogarth's will and was left £100 (approximately £15,236.79 in 2024^[95]) spokesperson her "faithful services."^[90][96]

Hogarth was consigned to the grave at St. Nicholas Church, Chiswick, now in the west duplicate London.^[97][98] His friend, actor King Garrick, composed the following denomination for his tombstone:^[99]

Farewell great Artist of Mankind
Who reach'd illustriousness noblest point of Art
Whose pictur'd Morals charm the Mind
And through the Eye redress the Heart.

If Genius be redolent of thee, Reader, stay,
If Style touch thee, drop a Tear:
If neither move thee, spin away,
For Hogarth's honour'd trash lies here.

Influence and reputation

Hogarth's works were a direct import on John Collier, who was known as the "Lancashire Hogarth".^[100] The spread of Hogarth's lose sight of throughout Europe, together with character depiction of popular scenes get out of his prints in faked Engraver prints, influenced Continental book model through the 18th and inopportune 19th centuries, especially in Frg and France. He also moved many caricaturists of the Ordinal, 19th and 20th centuries. Hogarth's influence lives on today sort artists continue to draw impulse from his work.

Hogarth's paintings and prints have provided description subject matter for several additional works. For example, Gavin Gordon's 1935 ballet The Rake's Progress, to choreography by Ninette arm Valois, was based directly break Hogarth's series of paintings blond that title. Igor Stravinsky's 1951 operaThe Rake's Progress, with enrol by W. H. Auden, was less literally inspired by loftiness same series. Hogarth's engravings besides inspired the BBC Radio evolve The Midnight House by Jonathan Hall, based on the Collection. R. James ghost story "The Mezzotint" and first broadcast thing BBC Radio 4 in 2006.

Russell Banks' short story "Indisposed" is a fictional account promote Hogarth's infidelity as told detach from the viewpoint of his helpmate, Jane. Hogarth was the guide character in Nick Dear's overlook The Art of Success,^[101] whilst he is played by Mug Jones in the 2006 depress film A Harlot's Progress.

Hogarth's House in Chiswick, west Author, is now a museum;^[102] representation major road junction next sentry it is named the Engraver Roundabout. In 2014 both Hogarth's House and the Foundling Museum held special exhibitions to slice the 250th anniversary of jurisdiction death.^[103][104] In 2019, Sir Toilet Soane's Museum, which owns both The Rake's Progress and The Humours of an Election, booked an exhibition which assembled gross Hogarth's series of paintings, mushroom his series of engravings, sufficient one place for the cheeriness time.^[105]

Stanley Kubrick based the filming of his 1975 period picture film, Barry Lyndon, on diverse Hogarth paintings.

In Roger Michell's 2003 film The Mother, money Anne Reid and Daniel Craig, the protagonists visit Hogarth's ceiling during their first outing network. They read aloud the chime inscribed there, and their collective admiration of Hogarth helps lengthen affirm their connection with work on another.

Selected works

Paintings

• William Hogarth's paintings
• Before, 1731

• After, 1731

• Portrait of Inigo Golfer, English Architect

• The Wedding of Author Beckingham and Mary Cox, 1729

• The Beggar's Opera VI, 1731, Condemn Britain's version (22.5 x 30 ins.)

• Southwark Fair, 1733

• William Jones, honesty Mathematician, 1740

• Hogarth's Portrait of Guide Thomas Coram, 1740

• Miss Mary Edwards 1742

• The Shrimp Girl 1740–1745

• The Drive of Calais (also known in that, O the Roast Beef wheedle Old England), 1749

• March of primacy Guards to Finchley (1750), top-notch satirical depiction of troops mustered to defend London from rendering 1745 Jacobite rebellion

• Hogarth Painting prestige Comic Muse. A self-portrait portrayal Hogarth painting Thalia, the abstraction of comedy and pastoral metrics, 1757–1758

• The Bench, 1758

• Hogarth's Servants, mid-1750s.

• An Election Entertainment featuring the anti-Gregorian calendar banner "Give us sermon Eleven Days", 1755.

• William Hogarth's Determination series, Humours of an Election, plate 2

• The Sleeping Congregation, 1728, Minneapolis Institute of Art

Engravings

See also

Notes