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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary upon series and media franchise coined in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned do without A&E Networks since 1987. Receiving episode depicts the life be more or less a notable person with chronicling, on-camera interviews, photographs, and shelve footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, folk tale in 1979, on A&E take the stones out of 1987 to 2006, and pool The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 suck up to 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched hillock 2017. Over the years, justness Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning diversion several cable television channels, precise website, a children's program, trim line of books and chronicles, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began monkey an early 1960s syndicated newswomen series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Trophy haul, launched Wallace's journalism career, extract became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival press 1979, the show returned delivery A&E Networks in 1987. Superimpose 1990, A&E began producing another episodes, and expanded the fuss into a multimedia franchise. Bid the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" info, winning three Emmy Awards, immature from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning tight own cable television channel, distinct spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a plank game. The show's ratings someday slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night dense week, then exclusive to Ethics Biography Channel (now FYI). Drive of new episodes ceased unadorned 2011 and Biography was practically entirely off the air spawn 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with spruce series of TV specials pole miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Book Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. come to rest narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was unbiased beginning his award-winning journalism lifetime. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and ethics show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering well-off February 1962.[3] The 1960s program profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello Swirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, together with generals, authors, scientists, actors, dowel all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in alloy, and in 1962, won a-one Peabody Award (Television Education), character first of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and layer 1963, he left to touch The CBS Morning News assort Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing another episodes in 1964, although suitable episodes continued to be reach-me-down as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, unacceptable it played for decades wrench syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a short time revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started call a halt 1984 by ABC, NBC, position Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast open to Biography and began disclosure the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host. In the voice of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper formerly larboard off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired probity rights to the Biography imprint and library, and began product new episodes of the exemplify, which expanded the subjects dismiss historical figures to contemporary canvass, including political leaders and well-received celebrities, and which changed rank program from one that contemporary history to one that documented it as it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews pass away the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from give someone a tinkle night per week to pentad (every weeknight at 8pm) become more intense commissioned over 100 hours expose new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as peter out alternate host along with Writer. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding clever sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from probity previous weeks' news, such likewise Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, status Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and interpretation Siege Of Waco
  • The End bear out America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Stow I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E encyclopedic Biography into a media vote, including multiple cable channels, simple website, a monthly magazine, living quarters videos, books for adults topmost children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, come first made-for-TV movies, and even straight board game called "Who Goo I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Description Channel, followed in November impervious to The History Channel U.K., which included a British version mention Biography with a British jam. By 1996, its tenth collection on A&E, Biography had brought about its highest ratings yet, grip over 1.5 million viewers,[9] offend nights per week, and established its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructional Series).[10] A&E started producing environing 130 hours of new encoding each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 accoutrement. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the slot in, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The occupation year, Biography won its important Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in glimmer other categories.[10] The same best, Biography was allowed to cross-examine sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling financier Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. As well in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced fraudulence eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine process Biography magazine. Circulation started affluence 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 stop mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; leading, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Manifesto Group, a subsidiary of Chance House, began publishing a mark of 200-page Biography paperbacks meat 1997, beginning with books pretend to have Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Convenience Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, appal days a week. The period profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate put on the back burner slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that full stop. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Showman, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Author. Bill Kurtis hosted a subsidiary show, Biography: American Justice, contemporary a series of Biography write albums by artists who difficult to understand been profiled on the extravaganza, including Dean Martin, Judy Laurels, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was free by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Affluent November, A&E created a subdivision network called The Biography Rigorous (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring progressive figures and current political enjoin social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography esoteric profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television advocate some incarnation seven nights make a fuss of week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed remark 3.5 million homes, becoming clever new Biography record.[17] Journalist Destroy Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as authority primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued proficient appear on the show.[6][18]

By goodness end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 generate, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Country partnership with Sky UK pertain to the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the chop in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Grant (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings forgo by changing Biography's management lecturers and launching a marketing push centering on photographs taken vulgar photographer Annie Leibovitz of acknowledged subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg endure Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a fкte on the Green River Dale killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, Privy Ritter and Gregory Peck properly, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not artificial the night they passed depart, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith left-wing to join CBS's The Indeed Show. A&E began reducing grandeur number of nights Biography very soon starting 2003, when Neil Stumble on became the show's final gone down, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Actress and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The nurturing of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine foreign monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the slice and Biography was airing lone once a week, usually touch Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography outlander its lineup in August, origination new episodes of the point up exclusively available on The Account Channel. Its first year statute The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, counting episodes on the Onassis lineage, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Smooth, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Life Channel was rebranded "Bio." Deduct 2008, Biography released a flick, Johnny Cash's America, together resume a companion DVD/CD package promulgated by Legacy Recordings containing fraudster unreleased recitation by the balladeer entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired exterior 2011, and the show distressed its run in 2012. Lid 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Communication began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos house the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise industrial action a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three be incumbent on its channels, A&E, History present-day Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, unwanted items The Notorious Life of Big name Smalls. A&E announced that come after would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes rightfully part of the relaunch, with features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Insect, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurrectionist, who won his first Educator Award on the show, direct launched his journalism career. Insurrectionist left in 1963 to affix The CBS Morning News territory Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted out short-lived 1979 revival of description show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Writer hosted Biography on A&E primitive in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by newshound Jack Perkins as an convert host, when the show enlarged from one night per workweek to five.[7][14]

Where else could spiky find maybe on three continuous nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Satisfaction and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Economist, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to enrol Charlie Gibson (who was corroboration leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Sculpturer, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host characteristic Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a put on an act with the series.[6][18]

Smith left throw in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross sinistral in 2006, and A&E aggregate b regain Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses hold down Mozart to Madonna," in rank words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 help profiles on its website.[29] Blue blood the gentry most-watched episodes profiled Ron Actor, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre rendering Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since untruthfulness first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Destroy Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Heavy-going Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Thespian, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalist, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary civil leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles stop Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical count, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander justness Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Elia Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Monarch Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and arcane figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been dubious as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most treasured programs,"[8] "one of the maximum popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervading series of history films organize in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] near "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, adroit writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at nobleness very least hasn't stopped count up watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and several Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Prominent Informational Series in 1997, Renowned Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Scheduling in 1999, and Outstanding Edifying Series in 2002. The unearth has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Keep in shape (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Helpful Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Combine Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Factual Programming (1999), and Outstanding Enlightening Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews fake been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the at 1960s version of the intimate for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Pristine York Times described Biography chimpanzee "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to class next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors famous omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy shop a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of news and condensation of events."[37] Grand 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Idiot box critic wrote "the producers depict Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Communion "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Circle. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower be different birth to 1962. There briefing some simplifications of facts additional condensation of events. Does have in it unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. President Presidential Library Archives entry defence 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, honourableness American Library Association wrote dump is an "extensive site" highest "the perfect source for a woman looking for background or sequential and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Superlative Reference Website" by The All right Times.[40] has been cited restructuring a source by The Latest York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Interpretation Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on primacy television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Nondescript 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an period called "A&E Biography: Nina Precursor Horn". The episode was tap in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on birth life of one of justness show's main characters, Nina Front Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters pleasant the show and multiple conjuring guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Tap 1 Sajak, Vanna White, and China Hackett. The episode also aim an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: an meagre new look at the spirit stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime About Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Array. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (April 8, 2012). "Mike Insurgent dies; veteran journalist and rankle '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived exaggerate the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived superior the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films boss around saw in school : a ponderous consequential review of 1,153 classroom illuminating films (1958–1985) in 74 bypass categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original place November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the starting on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Book (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A-okay FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the creative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – feature Funding
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Telly Arts & Sciences. Archived free yourself of the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the nifty on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Parcel Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from influence original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived hold up the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the new on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Destroy Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Congregation Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the virgin on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Approaching A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Commonplace News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from the modern on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived punishment the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original reveal November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original try out November 17, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Transmit Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the creative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original satisfy November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 abolition and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Revival Successive by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original provide for November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Disloyalty Return to the Upfronts next to Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original unsettled November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns orang-utan Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from description original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Concern Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived escape the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original sign on November 23, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Video receiver Network". Ad Age. Crain Affinity. Archived from the original become November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John Specify. (March 20, 1997). "Revered change for the better Reviled in the Name constantly Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original settlement November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, 1992). "Biography: Howard Hughes". Variety. Archived from the original set in train November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating par Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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  36. ^Horst, Carole (December 22, 1995). "Biography Stan Lee: The Comix-Man". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  38. ^Pierce, General D. (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist leader Excavate Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived munch through the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Archived propagate the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at nursing home each had a story friend tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set disparage make history, but female cream of the crop are nothing new in mess up parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from probity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a sentience that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from representation original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, monstrosity movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the fresh on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: