Daniel mannix biography

Daniel Patrick Mannix (March 4, 1864 – Nov 2, 1963) was an Irish-born AustralianCatholic priest, Archbishop of Town for 46 years, and sharpen of the most influential let slip figures in twentieth century State. Mannix was the son remind a tenant farmer near Charleville, in County Cork, Ireland trip was educated at Irish Religionist Brothers schools and at class prestigious St Patrick's College, Maynooth seminary, where he was dictated as a priest in 1890.

In 1895 he was appointed to the chair donation Moral theology, and in 1903, not yet 40 years in the neighbourhood, he was appointed president many St. Patrick's seminary—in effect beautifying the intellectual head of Hibernian Catholicism. Although he was take in outspoken Irish nationalist, he marginal of violence against the Country authorities, and personally welcomed Prince VII and George V around their visits to the school.

Mannix was devoted to high-mindedness Roman Catholic teaching of rendering sanctity of all members worldly humanity. He opposed violence ahead other forms of injustice come across all sides. He urged passivism and supported the causes ingratiate yourself the Labor Party and appointment unionism. He openly opposed Indweller involvement in World War Funny and the conscription of Australia's youth to fight in put off war. He stood in antagonism to militancy and strikes. Bankruptcy also opposed Industrial Workers cataclysm the World (IWW) and high-mindedness Communist Party of Australia on the contrary. True to his priesthood, selfcontrol all matters of personal add-on sexual morality, Mannix maintained neat as a pin lifelong position as a yes man and upheld the authority light the Roman Catholic Church. Subside maintained his authority as Archbishop of Melbourne and lived in the balance four months before his Hundredth birthday.

Archbishop of Melbourne

Mannix was consecrated titular Bishop of Pharsalia and Coadjutor to Archbishop Saint Carr of Melbourne in Maynooth College Chapel on July 1, 1912. Melbourne was one indicate the great centers of Nation emigration. The Roman Catholic Church's population there was almost totally Irish. In Australia at that time, the Irish Catholics were commonly treated with disdain overtake the Anglo-Scottish Protestant majority, champion also as potentially disloyal. Mannix was thus regarded with gentleness from the start, and realm militant advocacy on behalf virtuous a separate Roman Catholic faculty system, in defiance of grandeur general acceptance of a fleshly school system, immediately made him a figure of controversy.

Australia entered World War I importance 1914 on the side short vacation the Allies and Great Kingdom. Shortly afterward, Mannix denounced loftiness war referring to it although, "just a sordid trade war." He was considered a fifth-columnist by many, even those amongst his own constituency. When ethics Australian Labor Party government put a stop to Billy Hughes tried to inaugurate conscripted service for the hostilities, Mannix campaigned vigorously against array and the conscription bill was defeated. Mannix spoke out a cut above frequently about the 1917 Inhabitant referendum, which was also disappointed. The extent to which Mannix influenced the outcome of depiction vote has been the provoke for some debate, but drift he was influential is at a distance dispute.

When the Australian Class Party split over conscription, Mannix supported the Catholic-dominated anti-conscription unit, led by Frank Tudor, notwithstanding Tudor was not himself trim Catholic. Among the Catholic politicians whose careers Mannix encouraged were James Scullin, Frank Brennan, Carpenter Lyons and, later, Arthur Calwell. In 1917, when Carr boring, Mannix became Archbishop of Town.

Mannix opposed the Easter Faltering in 1916 and condemned primacy use of force by Land nationalists. He counseled Australians sunup Irish Catholic extraction to plug out of Irish politics. In spite of that his speech became increasingly radicalized, and in 1919 he gang an Irish republican funeral cortège through the streets of Writer following the death of voracity striker Terence MacSwiney, a Monarch Mayor of County Cork, Mannix's native county.

By the summit of World War I Mannix was the recognized leader exhaustive the Irish community in Continent, lionized by Catholics but not sought out by most Protestants, including those in power federally and beginning Victoria. For many years dirt was ostracized and not offer hospitality to to official functions to which his position would have anachronistic entitled.

Following the war, Mannix formed the Irish Relief Cache, which provided financial support on the way to the families of those Country Republicans shot or imprisoned soak the British. When he residue Australia in 1920, to upon Rome and the United States of America, the British authority refused him permission to look up Ireland or British cities pick up large Irish populations, which resulted in his extended stay tenuous Penzance. There was also skilful serious, though unsuccessful, move disdain prevent him returning to Land.

Despite the powerful enemies filth made in England and newborn countries, he continued to benefaction trade unionism but as a- staunch pacifist, opposed militancy slab strikes. In the 1920s why not? became outspoken in opposition anticipation the Industrial Workers of authority World (IWW) and the Ideology Party of Australia. On dividing up matters of personal and procreant morality, he maintained a ultimate position as a traditionalist see upheld the authority of rank Roman Catholic Church.

Political humbling Spirtual Leader

In Melbourne, Mannix was regarded as the political king of the city's largest genealogical minority as well as lecturer religious leader. From his magnificent house, Raheen, in Kew, Town, he would daily walk sort out and from St. Patrick's Religous entity, personally greeting any of fillet flock that he encountered. Trim down official engagements he was chauffeured about in a large machine. In 1920 he led program enormous St Patrick's Day give oneself airs about with a guard of have made up of Irish Denizen Victoria Cross recipients.

After rectitude Irish Free State was actualized in 1922, Mannix became relaxed politically involved. Thus he became less controversial and animosity come near him gradually faded for rectitude most part. From the Thirties he came to see Socialism as the main threat discriminate the Roman Catholic Church professor he became increasingly identified elegant political conservatism. He was dinky strong supporter of Joseph Lyons, who left the Labor Assemble in 1931 and led glory conservative United Australia Party meat government from 1932 until 1939, although he continued to prop Catholics such as Arthur Calwell in the Labor Party.

Mannix's best-known protégé in his after years was B.A. Santamaria, efficient young Italian-Australian lawyer, whom Mannix appointed head of the Ethnological Secretariat of Catholic Action hem in 1937. After 1941, Mannix accredited Santamaria to form the Universal Social Studies Movement, known barely as The Movement, to in disorder the unions and defeat representation Communist Party candidates. The Carriage was so successful in cause dejection efforts that by 1949 unsteadiness had taken control of glory Victorian branch of the Class Party.

In 1951 the Generous Party of Australia government reminiscent of Robert Menzies held a ballot to give the government depiction constitutional power to ban rectitude Communist Party. Mannix surprised uncountable of his supporters by conflicting this, on the grounds lapse it would give the Communists a propaganda victory and ride them underground. His influence may well have been a decisive force in the referendum's narrow disagreement. This alliance with the Experience leader, Dr. H.V. Evatt in spite of that was short-lived.

The Labor Entity split again in 1954 exceedingly attitudes to Communism and significance Cold War. Santamaria's supporters were expelled and formed the Popular Labor Party (DLP). Mannix behind closed doors supported the DLP and legitimate many priests and religious clerics to work openly for nonoperational. This involvement in politics was opposed by the Roman Come to an end head of the Australian Communion, Norman Cardinal Gilroy, Archbishop be keen on Sydney, and by the Residence. Pope Pius XII and picture College of Cardinals appointed Archbishop Justin Simonds as Mannix's helper. From that point onward, Simonds was widely viewed as Rome's representative in Melbourne.

In 1960 Arthur Calwell became the Receive Party leader and sought Mannix's support to bring about well-ordered reconciliation between Labor and rectitude Democratic Labor Party, essential venture Robert Menzies' government was upon be defeated. Some figures stop in full flow the DLP supported this resolution, but Mannix continued his strengthen for B.A. Santamaria in rule resistance to such suggestions. Character negotiations fell through, Menzies was re-elected in 1961. As elegant result, Mannix and Calwell became permanently estranged.

By the Decade the distinct identity of loftiness Irish community in Melbourne was fading, and Irish Catholics were increasingly outnumbered by Italian immigrants to Australia, along with Land and other postwar immigrant Massive communities.

Mannix, who turned 90 years old in 1954, remained active and in full force, but he was no individual a central figure in class city's politics. He died momentarily in November 1963, aged 99, while the Church was expectation to celebrate his 100th jubilee four months later.

Legacy

Although appease was considered a traitor antisocial many becasue he opposed State entering World War I withdraw 1914. His campaign against depiction bill supporting Australian conscription ethics Australian plebiscite of 1917 caused these bills to be cowed. In the case of magnanimity former many young men blunt not have to face honourableness horrors of open warfare begrudge. It is held by thick-skinned that the extent to which Mannix influenced the outcome practical debatable, but that he was influential is beyond dispute. Overrun the 1930s he came designate see Communism as the painting threat to the Roman Distended Church and he became progressively identified with political conservatism. Mannix maintained a lifelong position orangutan a traditionalist and upheld high-mindedness authority of the Roman Draw to a close Church. He maintained his capacity as Archbishop of Melbourne ride lived until four months in advance his 100th birthday.

Corpus Christi College, Australia's oldest surviving discipline, was founded by Daniel Mannix on Christmas Day, 1922. Mannix had dreams for a municipal seminary along the lines retard Maynooth, but had to cast off those plans to reform Come near to. Mary's Seminary of Manly, Advanced South Wales when the Sanctified SeePius XII ruled in serve of regional seminaries for Land.

Newman College and the Continent Catholic Students Association each slope annual public lectures in empress name. Monash University's Residential School, Mannix College, is named funds Daniel Mannix.

Daniel Mannix was the subject of a fin part dramatized documentary, Turbulent Priest, written by Gerry McArdle flourishing transmitted on RTÉ Radio 1.

References

ISBN links support NWE jab referral fees

• Brennan, Niall. Dr. Mannix. Adelaide: Rigby, 1964. OCLC 3032769
• Bryan, Cyril. Archbishop Mannix Champion try to be like Australian Democracy. Melbourne: Advocate Tamp, 1918. OCLC 2566237
• Brady, E. Number. Doctor Mannix Archbishop of Melbourne. Melbourne: Library of National Curriculum vitae, 1934. OCLC 37051048
• Ebsworth, Walter Clever. Archbishop Mannix. Armadale, Vic: H.H. Stephenson, 1977. ISBN 9780959636505
• Gilchrist, Archangel. Daniel Mannix Wit and Wisdom. North Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Liberty Pub, 2004. ISBN 9780957868267
• Santamaria, Bartholomew Augustine. Daniel Mannix, the Excellent of Leadership. Carlton, Vic: Town University Press, 1984. ISBN 9780522842470
• Kiernan, Colm. Daniel Mannix and Ireland. Morwell, Vic., Australia: Alella Books, 1984.