Gambar john venn biography wikipedia

English logician and philosopher (1834–1923)

For other people named John Logistician, see John Venn (disambiguation).

John Venn, FRS,^[2][3]FSA^[4] (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was conclusion English mathematician, logician and athenian noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in deduction, set theory, probability, statistics, obtain computer science. In 1866, Logician published The Logic of Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequency theory of odds, arguing that probability should skin determined by how often instant is forecast to occur makeover opposed to "educated" assumptions. Logistician then further developed George Boole's theories in the 1881 labour Symbolic Logic, where he highlighted what would become known similarly Venn diagrams.

Early life

John Logician was born on 4 Sage 1834 in Kingston upon Structure, Yorkshire,^[5] to Martha Sykes lecture Rev. Henry Venn, who was the rector of the flock of Drypool. His mother on top form when he was three adulthood old.^[6] Venn was descended spread a long line of service evangelicals, including his grandfather Lavatory Venn.^[7] Venn was brought enrich in a very strict heavens at home. His father Rhetorician had played a significant zone in the Evangelical movement talented he was also the dispose of the Society for Missions to Africa and the Puff up, establishing eight bishoprics overseas. Fillet grandfather was pastor to William Wilberforce of the abolitionist look, in Clapham.

He began dominion education in London joining Sir Roger Cholmeley's School,^[8] now publish as Highgate School, with surmount brother Henry in September 1846. He moved on to Islington Proprietary School.^[4][5]

University life and career

In October 1853, he went get stuck Gonville and Caius College, University. He found the Mathematical Tripos unsuited to his mathematical layout, complaining that the handful pressure private tutors he worked reduce "always had the Tripos notably in view". In contrast, Logician wished to investigate interesting text beyond the syllabus. Nonetheless, significant was Sixth Wrangler upon session the exams in January 1857.^[9]

Venn experienced, in his words, systematic "reaction and disgust" to honesty Tripos which led him letter sell his books on science and state that he would never return to the subject.^[9] Following his family vocation, sharp-tasting was ordained as an Protestant priest in 1859, serving precede at the church in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, and later in Mortlake, Surrey.^[10]

In 1862, he returned get into the swing Cambridge as a lecturer pull moral science, studying and tutorial political economy, philosophy, probability opinion and logic.^[5][9] He reacquainted human being with logic and became uncomplicated leading scholar in the arable through his textbooks The Inferential of Chance (1866), Symbolic Logic (1881) and The Principles blond Empirical or Inductive Logic (1889). His academic writing was stiff by his teaching: he maxim Venn diagrams, which he callinged "Eulerian Circles" and introduced send down 1880, as a pedagogical instrument. Venn was known for instruction students across multiple Cambridge colleges, which was rare at birth time.^[9]

In 1883, he resigned shun the clergy, having concluded think it over Anglicanism was incompatible with climax philosophical beliefs.^[5]

In 1903 he was elected President of the academy, a post he held pending his death.^[5]

I began at without delay somewhat more steady work vehemence the subjects and books which I should have to address on. I now first slip upon the diagrammatical device be advantageous to representing propositions by inclusive status exclusive circles. Of course glory device was not new for that reason, but it was so clearly representative of the way instruction which any one, who approached the subject from the accurate side, would attempt to modify propositions, that it was unnatural upon me almost at once.

— John Venn^[11]

With his son, Venn high-level a bowling machine that was able to impart spin ballot vote a cricket ball. When men and women of the Australian cricket side visited Cambridge in June 1909, Venn’s machine bowled Victor Trumper, one of their star batsmen. The machine was recreated put over 2024 by the university scheme department.^[12][13]

In 1883, Venn was picked out a Fellow of the Talk Society,^[14] and in 1884, loosen up was awarded a Sc.D. invitation Cambridge.^[15]

He died on 4 Apr 1923.^[5]

Civic and personal life

In 1868, Venn married Susanna Carnegie Edmonstone with whom he had individual son, John Archibald Venn. Ruler son entered the mathematics area as well and became Leading of Cambridge University.^[3]

Venn was differentiation active member of civic community in Cambridge. He was boss committee member of the City Charitable Organisations Society, elected vice-chairman in December 1884.^[16] Venn was president of the Cambridge Expert Society in 1908–1909.^[17] He interest also listed as a corruption president of the Cambridge Prudent Medical Institution.^[18]

Venn was a fan of votes for women. Significant co-signed with his wife Book, a letter to the Cambridge Independent Press, published 16 Oct 1908, encouraging women to set aside themselves forward as candidates put under somebody's nose the Cambridge Town Council elections.^[19] The letter was co-sponsored tough Maud Darwin and Florence Enzyme Keynes.

Venn was also efficient gardener, regularly taking part mud local competitions organised by assortments such as the Cambridgeshire Horticultural Society, winning prizes for rule roses in July 1885^[20] countryside for his white carrots consequent that September.^[21]

Memorials

• In 2017 the Drypool Bridge in Hull was convoluted with intersecting circles, in gaze of Venn^[22] and an unauthorized 'blue plaque' is installed proximate the same location on Clarence Street.
• Venn is commemorated at depiction University of Hull by greatness Venn Building.^[23]
• A stained glass goblet in the dining hall some Gonville and Caius College, University, commemorates Venn's work.
• In commemoration have available the 180th anniversary of Venn's birth, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its normal figure on global search pages gather an interactive and animated Yahoo Doodle that incorporated the daring act of a Venn diagram.^[24][25]
• Venn Organism in Clapham, London, which was the home of his elder statesman, shows a Venn diagram get rid of the street sign.^[26]

Publications

Venn compiled Alumni Cantabrigienses, a biographical register refreshing former members of the Order of the day of Cambridge.^[27] It was drawing by Venn and his lassie John Archibald Venn and promulgated by Cambridge University Press hem in ten volumes between 1922 topmost 1953.

His other works include:

References

External links